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View Full Version : Balancing Blades/oftentimes futile


KenSandyEggo
04-12-2004, 11:31 PM
This got posted in a response in the "RAF Aerial Views" thread. I thought I'd put it here also as it relates to blades more than photos:

But, not all blades are made carefully, especially most glass blades, and gyros are not helis (a comparison was mentioned). To have tracking have any effect, each blade would have to be perfectly identical to the other from root to tip in all ways and their angle would have to be perfectly identical along the whole length. That's practically impossible in a glass blade where foam is squirted into a hollow space in each blade to get them seesaw balanced. This throws off the exactness and they will not fly the same due to weight differentiations along their length.

The permanent foam is oftentimes layered in haphazardly with air pockets and thick and thin spots along the way. Blades made like that will never be balanced and give a smooth ride, unless you were extremely lucky and got a set that was paid more attention to during the manufacturing process than most of them. I know...I had a set like that. Aluminum blades are much smoother overall, as there is hardly no chance of variations along their length or width. Each spar is the same and the only thing inside is air. That's pretty hard to mess up.

An engineer (and A&P, heli-pilot and Rotorway builder) who balances helis all over the world for a living and works for RADS, couldn't balance my blades over a period of months with some of the best balancing gear available. We got the blades tracking perfectly and it made no difference. As I said, some got lucky with the glass blades. Gary Brewer has glass blades and his own balancing gear. He's worked on them for years trying to get them smooth. His stick shake and "cabin-hop" are horrendous. He just can't get it out and he became a master at tracking them. He had reflectors at each blade-tip and used a mirror in flight to shine sunlight on them and a light at dusk to where he got them perfectly tracked. Again, it didn't mean a thing as far as smoothing out the ride.

My guy had a light mounted on the nose of my gyro that shone up at the bottom of the leading blade and measured the track electronically and precisely. It was a waste of time making the custom bracket for the light, because the perfect tracking did nothing as far as smoothing out the glass blades. They had too many variations along their length to be "balanceable." If your blades are centered between the towers perfectly, teeter equally and the blade angles are set equally as best you can get them and you still have "hop" and shake....forget it. That's as good as they'll ever get until you switch over to a good set of aluminum blades.

StanFoster
04-13-2004, 02:54 AM
Ken: Thanks for that post..My cabin hop is very minor..and maybe this will be as good as it gets. However...I was wondering if you balanced your blades and how you went about it..

Also..the guy that has horendous cabin hop...how long has he been flying with it like that? It would bother me so much that I wouldnt enjoy flying it because of the uncomfort and the paranolia I would have wondering about the keel/mast becoming metal fatigued. Any thoughts on that? Thanks again Ken for your excellent posts.

Stan

KenSandyEggo
04-23-2004, 10:05 PM
Stan, for several years now. I haven't heard from him in a couple months, so I don't know if he's still flying them or not. I guess you can get used to anything once you discover that's as good as they'll get and accept it. The balancing was touched on in another thread, but basically, his unit can read about 20 channels or so. We hooked up transducers for vertical and lateral motion at the top of my mast. Mark also mounted an electronic tach trigger on the gear-ring for better accuracy. As I recall, my RAF rotor-tach was off, but not badly. The reader for the tach-trigger was mounted to the mast. Mark then mounted transducers on the bottom of my instrument panel that read vertical and lateral vibes. We then mounted the light on the nose that read tracking of the blades. All this feeds into his unit and displays the data. He could track every miniscule change that we made from flight to flight.

Mark adjusted blade-pitch, chord movement, longitudinal and lateral balance of the rotor system ( via weights on the ends of the blades and on the transverse bars that RAF sold). Via 3 teeter-blocks of differing heights, 3 towers of differing heights and numerous machined shims, we were able to test an almost endless array of differing underslings. Months of adjustments did hardly nothing as to balancing out the vibes, especially the 2-per laterals, which are the primary culprit in stick and cabin shake. I believe that Mark said when you get upwards of 6 IPS, you're looking at some likely damage to electronics and/or components. I believe he got mine to right around 6 from slightly higher initially.

My blades never got satisfactorily balanced and I switched to Sportcopters, which come perfectly balanced and pitched and merely require centering between the towers after installation.

Hennie
04-26-2004, 02:44 AM
Just remember that you can only improve 1 per balancing
by tip weights and weight on transverse bars or headshifts.
This include changing the tracking.
Because the blades are not excactly the same the best balance
point might be where the blades are slightly out of track.

2 per vibration can be reduced by using the correct teeter hight but
you can not get rid of the earodynamicily induced 2 per. The only
way to reduce that is in the design but you can never get rid of it completely in a two bladed teetering system . In helicopters they mount the
transmission on rubber mounts to reduce the 2 per in the rest of the
heli but it is still present on the mast.


Regards

Hennie

KenSandyEggo
04-26-2004, 04:42 PM
"Because the blades are not excactly the same the best balance
point might be where the blades are slightly out of track."

Hennie, I've been preaching this for years.